So submit (i.e., embrace Islam) and be safe. Peace unto whoever follows the guided path, and believes in God and His apostle, and bears witness that there is no god but the one God with no partner to Him and that Muhammad is His servant and His apostle!Īnd I call you to the call of God, in fact I am the apostle of God to mankind in its entirety, 'that he may warn whoever is alive and word is proven against the infidels (i.e., those without faith in God).' The letter to Khosrow II ( Arabic: كِسْرٰى, romanized: Kisrá) as transmitted by Muslim historians, reads thus:įrom Muhammad, Apostle of God to Khosrow, premier of Persia: Scholarly historians disagree with this account, arguing that any such messengers would have received neither an imperial audience or recognition, and that there is no evidence outside of Islamic sources suggesting that Haraclius had any knowledge of Islam To the Sasanian Emperor Heraclius eventually decided against conversion but the envoy was returned to Medina with the felicitations of the emperor. Later reportedly he wrote to a certain religious official in Rome to confirm if Muhammad's claim of prophethood was legitimate, and, after receiving the reply to his letter, called the Roman assembly saying, 'If you desire salvation and the orthodox way so that your empire remain firmly established, then follow this prophet,' to the rejection of the council. Alternatively, he also put it on his lap. Islamic sources say that after the letter was read to him, he was so impressed by it that he gifted the messenger of the epistle with robes and coinage. But if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are Submitters ('Muslims').' Īccording to Islamic reports, Muhammad dispatched Dihyah al-Kalbi to carry the epistle to ' Caesar' through the government of Bosra after the Byzantine defeat of the Persians and reconquest of Jerusalem. Then 'O People of the Scripture, come to a term equitable between us and you that we worship none but God and associate with Him nothing, and we take not one another as Lords apart from God. But if you turn away, then upon you will be the guilt of the peasantry. Submit (i.e., embrace Islam) and be safe God shall compensate your reward two-folds. Thereafter, verily I call you to the call of Submission ('Islam'). Peace unto whoever follows the guided path! In the name of God, the Gracious One, the Mercifulįrom Muhammad, servant of God and His apostle to Heraclius, premier of the Romans: The text of the letter to Heraclius ( Arabic: هِرَقْل, romanized: Hiraql), reads as follows: See also: Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)

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